Tables

PAGE INDEX

Table 1
Table 2

TABLE 1. ITALY: AVERAGE TEMPERATURES

Location

July

January

Total Precipitation

Cortina d'Ampezzo(Alps)
Milan (Po Basin)
Rome (Peninsula)
Taormina (Sicily)

60°F (16°C)
75°F (24°C)
77°F (25°C)
79°F (26°C)

28°F (-2°C)
35°F (2°C)
45°F (7°C)
52°F (11°C)

48 inches (1220 mm)
32 inches (810 mm)
26 inches (660 mm)
28 inches (710 mm)

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TABLE 2. RULERS OF ITALY AND THEIR PREDECESSORS

COUNTS OF SAVOY

Dates of Rule

Name

Succession

Born-Died

1034-c.1056

Humbert I, the Whitehanded (Umberto Biancamano)

Count of Salmourerc in 1003, of Nyon in 1017, of Val d'Aosta in 1024, of Savoy and other regions in 1034

? - c.1056

c.1056

Amadeus (Amadeo) I

Son of Humbert I

? - c.1056

c.1056-c.1057

Oddone

Fourth son of Humbert I

c.1010-c.1057

c.1057-c.1078

Peter (Pietro) I

Eldest son of Oddone

c.1048-1078

c.1078-1080

Amadeus II

Second son of Oddone

? - 1080

1080-1103

Humbert II

Son of Amadeus II

? - 1103

1103-1148

Amadeus III

Son of Humbert II; Gisele, mother, regent from 1103 to 1109

1095-1148

1148-1188

Humbert II

Son of Amadeus III

c.1135-1189

1188-1233

Thomas

Son of Humbert III

1178-1233

1233-1253

Amadeus IV

Son of Thomas

c.1197-1253

1253-1263

Bonifacto (Roland)

Son of Amadeus IV

c.1244-1263

1263-1268

Peter II

Son of Thomas

c.1215-1268

1268-1285

Philip I

Son of Thomas and brother of Peter II

? - 1285

1285-1323

Amadeus V the Great

Son of Amadeus IV

c.1252-1323

1323-1329

Edward the Liberal

Son of Amadeus V

c.1284-1329

1329-1343

Aymon (Aimon) the Pacific

Son of Amadeus V

1291-1343

1343-1383

Amadeus VI the Green Count

Son of Aymon, died of plague

1334-1383

1383-1391

Amadeus VII the Red Count

Son of Amadeus VI

1360-1391

1391-1416

Amadeus VIII

Son of Amadeus VII

1383-1451

DUKES OF SAVOY

Dates of Rule

Name

Succession

Born-Died

1416-1451

Amadeus VIII

Son of Amadeus VII; created duke by Emperor Sigismund in 1416; retired to a monastery in 1434; became the last antipope from 1439 to 1449

1383-1451

1451-1465

Louis I

Son of Amadeus VIII; had carried on father's functions from 1434, with his advice

1413-1465

1465-1472

Amadeus IX

Son of Louis I

1435-1472

1472-1482

Phillbert (Fillberto) I the Hunter

Second son of Amadeus IX; mother, Yolande, regent to her death in 1478

1465-1482

1482-1490

Charles I the Warrior

Fourth son of Amadeus IX

1468-1490

1490-1496

Carles II John Amadeus

Son of Charles I; Bianca, mother, regent

1489-1496

1496-1497

Philip II

Son of Louis I; great-uncle of Charles II

1443-1497

1497-1504

Phillbert II

Third son of Philip II

1480-1504

1504-1553

Charles III

Fourth son of Philip II

1486-1553

1553-1580

Emmanuel Phillbert

Son of Charles III

1528-1580

1580-1630

Charles Emmanuel I the Great

Son of Emmanuel Phillbert

1562-1630

1630-1637

Victor Amadeus I

Son of Charles Emmanuel I

1587-1637

1637-1638

Francis Hyacinthe

Eldest son of Victor Amadeus I; mother, Marie Christine, regent

1632-1638

1638-1675

Charles Emmanuel II

Second son of Victor Amadeus I; mother regent until 1648

1634-1675

1675-1720

Victor Amadeus II

Son of Charles Emmanuel II; Sicily granted to him by Treaty of Utrecht, 1713, with title of king; became king of Sardinia in 1720, when it was exchanged for Sicily by Treaty of Cambrai

1666-1732

KINGS OF SARDINIA (LINE OF SAVOY)

Dates of Rule

Name

Succession

Born-Died

1720-1730

Victor Amadeus II

Son of Charles Emmanuel II; abdicated in favor of Charles Emmanuel III

1666-1732

1730-1773

Charles Emmanuel III

Second son of Victor Amadeus II

1701-1773

1773-1796

Victor Amadeus III

Second son of Charles Emmanuel III

1726-1796

1796-1802

Charles Emmanuel IV

Eldest son of Victor Amadeus III; abdicated in favor of Victor Emmanuel I

1752-1819

1802-1821

Victor Emmanuel I

Third son of Victor Amadeus III; ruled only on island of Sardinia from 1802 to 1814, when mainland possessions (Piedmont) were occupied by the French; abdicated in favor of Charles Felix

1759-1824

1821-1831

Charles Felix

Fifth son of Victor Amadeus III

1765-1831

1831-1849

Charles Albert

Prince of Savoy-Carignan; descendant of fourth son of Charles Emmanuel I; resigned crown to Victor Emmanuel II

1798-1849

1849-1861

Victor Emannuel II

Son of Charles Albert; declared king of Italy and confirmed by first Italian Parliament, Mar. 17, 1861

1820-1878

KINGS OF ITALY

Dates of Rule

Name

Succession

Born-Died

1861-1878

Victor Emmanuel II

King of Sardinia since 1849; son of Charles Albert, prince of Savoy-Carignan; first king of unified Italy

1820-1878

1878-1900

Humbert I (Umberto I)

Son of Victor Emmanuel II; assassinated

1844-1900

1900-1946

Victor Emmanuel III

Son of Humbert I; abdicated in 1946; Benito Mussolini real ruler from 1922 to 1943

1869-1947

1946

Humbert II (Umberto II)

Son of Victor Emmanuel III; regent from 1944 to 1946 (king from May 9 to June 13, 1946); exiled

1904-1963

ITALIAN REPUBLIC - PRESIDENTS

Dates of Rule

Name

Succession

Born-Died

1946-1948

Enrico de Nicola

Provisional head of government of the republic; elected by the Constituent Assembly, June 28, 1946

1877-1959

1948-1955

Luigi Elnaudi

Elected president

1874-1961

1955-1962

Giovanni Gronchi

Elected president

1887-1979

1962-1964

Antonio Segni

Elected president

1891-1972

1964-1971

Giuseppe Saragat

Elected president

1898-1988

1972-1978

Giovanni Leone

Elected president

1908-

1978-1985

Sandro Pertini

Elected president

1896-1990

1985-1992

Francesco Cossiga

Elected president

1928-

1992-

Oscar Luigi Scalfaro

Elected president

1919-

* Note: Some dates and data vague

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